Circulatory system

The heart, blood vessels, and blood are all part of the blood circulatory system, which ensures that blood is circulated throughout a human or other vertebrate’s complete body. The heart and blood arteries comprise the cardiovascular system, also known as the vascular system. A systemic circulation or circuit and a pulmonary circulation or circuit are the two divisions of the circulatory system. The terms cardiovascular system and vascular system are sometimes used interchangeably with circulatory system in some texts.

The main vessels of the heart include huge elastic arteries and large veins; other arteries, smaller arterioles, capillaries that unite with venules (small veins), and other veins; and other arteries,  arterioles, capillaries that join with small veins(venules), and other veins. In vertebrates, the circulatory system is closed, meaning that blood never exits the network of blood vessels. The circulatory system of some invertebrates, such as arthropods, is open. Sponge and comb jellies are diploblasts that lack a circulatory system.

Blood is a fluid made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that circulates throughout the body, transporting oxygen and nutrients to the tissues while removing waste. Proteins and minerals are among the nutrients circulated; additional components transported include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones, and haemoglobin; these nutrients provide nourishment, aid in disease fighting, and maintain homeostasis by stabilising temperature and natural pH.

The lymphatic system in vertebrates works in tandem with the circulatory system. This system transports extra plasma filtered from capillaries as interstitial fluid between cells away from body tissues, returning the excess fluid to the blood circulation as lymph. Lymph takes more longer to travel through than blood. The lymphatic system is a subsystem that is required for the proper functioning of the circulatory system; without it, the blood would become dehydrated.

Circulatory system

The immune system and the lymphatic system operate together. The lymphatic system is an open system, unlike the circulatory system. It’s been described as a secondary circulatory system by certain publications.

Many cardiovascular illnesses can impact the circulatory system. Cardiologists are doctors who specialise in the heart, and cardiothoracic surgeons are doctors who specialise in the heart and its surrounding areas.

Structure

The heart, blood arteries, and blood make up the circulatory system. The heart and blood arteries make up the cardiovascular system in all animals. A pulmonary circulation and a systemic circulation are the two major circuits of the circulatory system. The pulmonary circulation is a closed circuit that runs from the right heart to the lungs, where deoxygenated blood is oxygenated and returned to the left heart. The systemic circulation is a closed circuit that transports oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via the venae cavae, which are big veins. The macrocirculation and the microcirculation are two elements of the systemic circulation. A typical adult’s blood volume is five to six quarts (about 4.7 to 5.7 litres), accounting for about 7% of their entire body weight. Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets make up blood.

The digestive system collaborates with the circulatory system to give the nutrients required for the heart to continue to beat.

The coronary circulation, which supplies blood to the heart, the cerebral circulation, which supplies blood to the brain, the renal circulation, which supplies blood to the kidneys, and the bronchial circulation, which supplies blood to the bronchi in the lungs, are all linked.

The blood is contained within the vascular network in the human circulatory system, which is closed. To reach organs, nutrients pass through the microcirculation’s tiny blood vessels. The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic veins, lymph nodes, organs, tissues, and circulating lymph that is an important part of the circulatory system. This subsystem is a system that is available to the public.

One of the most important functions is to transport lymph, draining and returning interstitial fluid into the lymphatic ducts for return to the circulatory system. Another important function is collaborating with the immune system to provide pathogen defence.

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