Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters. The virus enters the body and triggers an immune response that results in a characteristic itchy, blistering rash. Chickenpox commonly affects children, but unvaccinated adults can also contract the illness, often with more severe symptoms.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of chickenpox include a red, itchy rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters, which eventually burst and form scabs. The rash often starts on the face, chest, and back before spreading to the rest of the body. Other common symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, blisters may appear inside the mouth, throat, or eyes. While the illness is generally mild in healthy children, it can lead to complications such as bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, or encephalitis in some cases.

Treatment

Treatment for chickenpox typically focuses on relieving symptoms. It is important to rest, drink plenty of fluids, and use medications such as acetaminophen to reduce fever. Antihistamines or soothing lotions like calamine lotion can help alleviate itching. In more severe cases or for people at higher risk, such as pregnant women or those with weakened immune systems, antiviral medications like acyclovir may be prescribed to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

When to see a Doctor

You should see a doctor if the rash spreads to sensitive areas like the eyes, becomes infected, or if you experience difficulty breathing or other signs of complications. The course of chickenpox usually lasts around 1-2 weeks, with the rash beginning to heal in about five to seven days. Full recovery, including the clearing of scabs, can take slightly longer.