PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease)

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a condition that occurs when the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of androgens, the male hormones, which leads to the formation of small, fluid-filled sacs or cysts on the ovaries. This hormonal imbalance affects the regular release of eggs during ovulation, causing menstrual irregularities. The exact cause of PCOD is not entirely understood, but it is believed to be influenced by genetics, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. Women with PCOD often struggle with hormonal imbalances that can impact their overall health.

Symptoms

Symptoms of PCOD can vary but often include irregular or missed periods, difficulty conceiving, and physical symptoms such as weight gain, acne, hair loss, and excessive hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism). Some women may also experience skin darkening in areas like the neck or underarms and may struggle with mood swings or depression due to hormonal fluctuations. The condition is commonly diagnosed in women during their reproductive years and can lead to complications such as infertility, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular issues if left untreated.

Treatment

Treatment for PCOD focuses on managing symptoms and reducing the risk of long-term health complications. Lifestyle changes such as adopting a balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight management can significantly improve symptoms. Hormonal treatments, like birth control pills, help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels. Medications such as metformin may be prescribed to address insulin resistance, which is often associated with PCOD.

When to see a doctor

It is important to see a healthcare provider if you experience persistent symptoms such as irregular periods, difficulty becoming pregnant, or excessive hair growth. Although PCOD is a chronic condition, symptoms can be managed effectively through treatment, and regular follow-up is necessary to maintain health. There is no permanent cure, but symptom relief can be long-term with proper care.